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发表于 2017-12-12 10:29:51
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【二】
Adcock & Shipley
Adcock and Shipley manufactured and factored a vast range of engineering equipment including, from the early to late 1950s, two sizes of a remarkable "Universal Machine Tool", a machine not unlike that produced in Japan as the Dainichi. It was believed that the built took place not in Adcock's Leicester factory but at that of Thomas Ryder & Son Ltd. of Turner Bridge, Bolton. Ryder also sold the larger Universal under their own name - but were better known for their piston-ring machines, a small range of specialist lathes and the remarkable "Verticalauto", a vertical multi-spindle automatic that, despite sounding very Italian, was all-British.
Boasting a very complete specification, the "Universal" offered a lot in a relatively small space - the smaller occupying a footprint of only 7 ft. by 3 ft. and the larger 11' 6"b y 3' 8" with each including a screwcutting and power-feeds lathe, a cylindrical/universal grinder, a vertical/horizontal miller and a drill. Instead of a sliding or elevating beds and headstock as used on many other machines of the same type, the Ryder was built around a conventional centre lathe with each separate machine tool being self powered and capable (apart from the grinder) of all being run at the same time. The unit was designed originally for shipboard use and met the various specifications laid down by the British Admiralty for that purpose. Some examples must also have been exported with one, serial number 692, order 19230 dated June, 1959, being delivered to the New Zealand Navy in 1960.
Not only were the machines very versatile, heavily built and well finished, they were also constructed to be as "shockproof" as possible and - on a smaller boat either would indeed have been a most useful tool for assisting with general maintenance and repairs. It is rumoured that only twenty-four of the smaller type were made (it was just too limited in work capacity to appeal) while figures for the larger are unknown. Some are believed to have gone into navel vessels - though not submarines, whose workshops were too small, the machine's one great disadvantage, the generous working space required on all four sides counting against it.
Extremely substantial, as one would expect, the main base of the smaller type was welded up from steel plate and weighed in the region of 1 ton. The deck, around 0.625 inches thick, was increased to a thickness of 1 inch in raised profiled areas that corresponded to the positions of the milling machine column and the secondary bed on which the grinder and lathe sat. The lower section of the base, 0.625 inches thick, was connected to the top by a series of plates that created compartments that housed the switchgear, and main and suds pump motors for the lathe and milling machine, a motor to drive the table of the grinder - with the remaining spaces used for storage.
Continued:
Lathe:
Of modest capacity, with just an 8" swing and 18" between-centres, lathe element of the Universal had an all-geared head that gave spindle speeds of 58, 92, 137, 198, 300, 470, 707 and 1020 rpm. driven by a 3 h.p., 1760 r.p.m. 3-phase motor. Surprisingly, the spindle had a bore of just 0.75", hardly adequate for the sort of work the machine might have been called upon to perform. A simplified screwcutting and feeds gearbox was fitted that offered a good range of threads between 4 and 100 t.p.i. Metric pitches were also available, but details of their inclusion into the gearbox, or of the necessary conversion set, are not known. A separate power shaft was used to provide sliding and surfacing feeds, so leaving the leadscrew exclusively for screwcutting.
Milling machine:
Of ingenious construction, but very limited in the size of work it could tackle, the milling machine had a vertical head built into the horizontal arbor support - it being a matter of simply swivelling it through 90° to bring it into operation. The working surface of the 6-speed power-driven table was 26" x 6" with a longitudinal travel of 10" a cross of 5.5" - and the knee able to be elevated through some 10". The No. 40 international spindle ran at 48 to 970 rpm in horizontal mode and from 77 to 1575 rpm when used vertically.
Grinding Machine:
Able to be swung 45 degrees clockwise and 15 degrees anti-clockwise, the universal grinding machine table was mounted parallel to the lathe bed and used the latter as mount for its wheel head. Two gears connected the head to controls at the front of the machine. The maximum swing over the table was 7" and the largest job that could be accommodated was 6.5" in diameter and 10" long. For internal grinding - the maximum capacity was a hole 4-inches in diameter - with the wheel head being swivelled through 180 degrees to bring to the attachment to the front. Tool and cutter grinding was also possible, with a variety of attachments available including a special Universal Cutter Head to mount on the table in place of the standard workhead. Surface grinding was accomplished by mounting a platform on the standard table and attaching a magnetic chuck to it; an extension was also fitted to the standard wheel head to bring the stone forward and so increase its coverage. The coolant supply to the grinding head was a separate unit, designed (of course) to avoid contaminating the other coolant (supplied to lathe, miller and drill) with abrasive particles.
Drill:
Mounted at the back of the lathe's "headstock", the drill (with a maximum table capacity of 15" in diameter) had six speeds from 420 to 5000 r.p.m. with power supplied by a separate 0.5 hp motor. Unfortunately, the designer had specified a hopelessly inadequate No. 1 Morse taper in the quill, so restricting the machine to light-duty work only. Not what you want when faced with getting a 3/4-inch hole though 4-inch thick block of steel.
Before you rush out to find one of these beautifully-made machines for your 12' x 12' wooden-floored workshop, it is as well to bear in mind that they weigh a not inconsiderable 4000 lbs (1.78 tons) and enjoy little beyond the capacity of machine tools found in the average experimental and model-engineer's workshop. Even so, it must remain a tempting proposition.
Adcock和Shipley制造并计算了大量的工程设备,包括从20世纪50年代初到20世纪后期的两种尺寸的卓越的“通用机床”,这是一台与日本生产的大日本不同的机床。人们相信这个建筑并不是在阿德科克的莱斯特工厂,而是在博尔顿特纳桥梁的托马斯·莱德有限公司。莱德还以自己的名义销售了更大的通用汽车,但是他们的活塞环机床,小范围的专用车床以及出色的“Verticalauto”,一种立式多轴自动机床,尽管听起来非常意大利语,但都是以 - 英国。
拥有一个非常完整的规格,“通用”提供了一个相对较小的空间很多 - 占地只有7英尺×3英尺和较大的11英尺6英寸×3英尺8英寸,每个包括一个screwcutting和动力进给车床,圆柱/万能磨床,立式/卧式铣床和钻床。 Ryder是在同一类型的许多其他机器上使用的滑动床或升降床和床头柜,而传统的中心车床则是由各自独立的机床组成,每个机床都是自供电的,除了磨床之外,同一时间。该装置最初设计用于船上使用,并符合英国海军部为此目的制定的各种规格。一些例子也必须以1959年6月的序列号69219230号订单出口,并于1960年交付给新西兰海军。
这些机器不仅机器多功能,制造精良,制作精良,而且还被设计成尽可能“防震”,而且在较小的船上,或许确实是帮助进行一般维护和修理的最有用的工具。有传言说,只有二十四个较小的类型(工作能力太有限),而较大的数字是未知的。有些人相信已经进入了肚脐血管 - 尽管不是潜艇,这些潜艇的车间太小,机器的一个很大的缺点,四面都需要宽敞的工作空间。
正如人们所期望的那样,极小的主要基础是由钢板焊接而成的,重达1吨。在0.625英寸厚的甲板上,凸起的轮廓区域增加到1英寸的厚度,该区域对应于研磨机床和研磨机和车床所在的第二床的位置。底部的下部0.625英寸厚,通过一系列的板连接到顶部,所述板形成容纳开关装置的隔室,并且用于车床和铣床的主泵和发泡泵马达以及用于驱动研磨机 - 剩余的空间用于存储。
继续:
车床:
通用的车床元件具有适中的容量,只有一个8“摆动和18”的中心,具有全齿轮头,主轴转速为58,92,137,198,300,470,707和1020rpm。每小时3点,每小时1760转。三相电机。令人惊讶的是,主轴的内径仅为0.75“,几乎不足以完成机床可能要求的工作。简化的螺纹切削和进给齿轮箱的安装提供了4到100 tpi之间的各种螺纹公制也可以提供间距,但是将其纳入齿轮箱或必要的转换装置的详细信息尚不清楚,单独的动力轴用于提供滑动和堆焊进给,因此将丝杠专用于螺纹切削。
铣床:
铣削机床的构造巧妙,但其工作尺寸非常有限,铣床的水平心轴支架内置有一个垂直头部,只需将其旋转90°即可投入使用。 6速动力工作台的工作面为26“×6”,纵向行程为10“,十字交叉点为5.5”,膝盖可以提升10“左右,40号国际纺锤在水平模式下为48至970转/分,垂直使用时为77至1575转/分。
磨床:
万向磨床可顺时针摆动45度,逆时针摆动15度,平行安装在车床上,并将后者用作砂轮座。两个齿轮将机头连接到机器前部的控制器上。桌子的最大摆幅是7英寸,可容纳的最大工件是直径6.5英寸,长度10英寸,对于内部磨削 - 最大的容量是一个直径4英寸的孔 - 轮头旋转通过180度可以将附件带到正面,也可以进行刀具和刀具的磨削,还可以使用各种附件,包括一个特殊的万能刀头安装在工作台上,代替标准工件头。
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